390 Quick Answers 23 February


Reminder:  4 March Annotated Bibliography.  Yes, following _all_ the details in the citation example matter.  Yes, it is your job to see them.  

Reminder:  Diversity summit Tuesday.  Participate.  We’ll talk about it before class Friday.  Be prepared.  

Feedback:  Names and dates are on our main course information, so they appear on the screen.   It's ok or even great to say "I'm confused about this one specific point in reading or lecture".  It's less ok to say "I don't understand anything" (mostly because it's not true.  If you're concerned about your project, please come talk to me about it.  I will now point to the different places that clarifying comments are scattered.  Finally:  masking options. 

Again please pay attention to the relative dates.  At least 5.2 and 5.3 are chronologically consecutive.  


Lecture reactions

Radians are a long way off.  I don't think anyone at the time notices that Khayyami's solution is close to one radian. 

In division 1/x = x^(-1) and we’re just using coefficients.  This was the first example of polynomial long division that I know of.  al-Sama'wal is not finishing with a remainder, but continuing to divide to get what we would now call a Laurent power series - with negative powers.  This is deeper than a remainder, and replicates non-terminating decimals, but with polynomials. 

al-Mu'taman's work related to a problem in optics. 

I found more about ibn Mun'im's Arabic labels


What was the cause of the dark ages?  Ask a historian, but over-expansion of the Roman empire lead to vulnerability and decay inside, then pillaging from without which seemed to continue throughout Europe.  That's my naïve impression. 

Having worked on translations, I do think it requires knowledge of the mathematics to do it in any meaningful way. 

Did Fibonacci see ancient Egyptian work, or something descended from it?  Seems hard to imagine not.

Don’t feel bad about not recognising Fibonacci, Suzuki clearly had some reason to hide it.  I don’t at all know what his reason is.  But he was intentionally doing so.  This is not an accident. 


Reading reactions

A sestina can be analysed using modern group theory.  No one did so at the time.

Gerbert's abacus is a poorly designed manipulative.  It's just grabbing digits and putting them in their places. 

Alcuin’s area formulas are both shockingly inaccurate.  I think the quadrilateral formula only works for rectangles (where it’s silly), and his circle formula would be true if π = 4 … wow!  

Someone in another class may have told you a fictional story about Gauß as a child finding the sum of the first 100 numbers.  It’s cute.  I know where it’s from.  It’s almost surely not true.  Alcuin’s work is authentic and verifiable. 


Sometime I would love to work with someone to play Rithmomachy.  I did order a book to the library about it years ago (the first time I taught out of Jeff’s book).  For what it’s worth, chess originated from the two-player Indian war game, Chatarung, which dates back to 600 A.D. In 1000 A.D, chess spread to Europe by Persian traders.  So, comparable time, at least. 

Sacrobosco listed digits in natural order … from right to left … starting with the most familiar and ending with the most exotic.